Regulation of nitric oxide synthesis and gene expression in inflammatory disorders and tissue fibrosis by epigenetic mechanism.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a magic gas molecule critical to numerous biological processes, and acts an important host defense effector in the immune system. NO acts as a double-edged sword. NO produced by mammalian cells at an appropriate scale serves as a key signaling molecule in physiological processes; while excessive and unregulated NO synthesis has been implicated in pathophysiological conditions in human diseases, such as inflammatory disorders including glomerulonephritis (GN), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), arthritis and so forth. Nitric oxide is a fairly short-lived molecule (with a half-life of a few seconds) produced from enzymes known as nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The major research activities of Dr. Ting-Hui Lin’s lab in the past years were to investigate the regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) at transcriptional and post-translational levels in glomerular mesangial cells during glomerulonephritis and renal fibrosis.
Many of the physiological processes that are promoted by NO are mediated by the NO–cGMP signalling pathway. Moreover, NO signaling mediates physiolgocial functions by means of post--translational modification of proteins, mainly through S-nitrosylation of cysteine thiol residues. Therefore, NO also acts as a versatile epigenetic regulator. Epigenetics is defined as somatically heritable changes in gene activity and expression without alterations in the DNA sequences. The patterns of epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and microRNAs. Epigenetics has become a central issue in many diseases during development and differentiation, or in response to environmental stimuli. The current research interests of Dr. Ting-Hui Lin’s lab are to investigate the epigenetic regulation of NO synthesis and gene expression during glomerulonephritis and renal fibrosis.
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